'Cull' bucks do have a place on managed properties

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megalomaniac

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The post and subsequent discussion on UTGrad's post got me thinking...

I'm a big believer in 'cull' bucks... as they provide additional harvest opportunities on my properties for additional hunter enjoyment.

A little background...

I own/ manage several farms in TN, the best of which for deer hunting is approx. 500 acres. That farm is fortunate to have neighbors who try to manage for 3.5 y/o bucks, as well as phenomenal genetics and nutrition in the form of nearly 1000 acres of cropland within a 2 mile radius. In the past, I used to manage it for 2.5 y/o bucks, then 3.5 y/o bucks and eventually 4.5 y/o bucks... I found that there was always some disgruntlement when someone shot a buck that was a year too young, or took 3 bucks off the property when another guest didn't get to shoot a single buck... Complicating matters in the past couple years was 3 small children that wanted to hunt and kill bucks as well. In all I allow 9 people hunting that property during the hunting season as of last year. So how does one manage a property where each person has the legitimate opportunity to harvest something they feel happy with without hurting the other hunters opportunities?

Starting last year, I made the decision to change harvest restrictions to allow each person to harvest one 'buck of choice'... any buck they wanted to kill and were happy with... For children, that might mean a spike or little forkhorn... for some of my friends, that might mean a 120" 3.5 y/o 8ptr... and for myself and a couple others, it means a representative 4.5 y/o buck. But that's it... one buck and you're done hunting for the season... no additional trophy buck can be killed. Doing so allows enough bucks to make it through the season to ensure that everyone will have the same opportunities the following year... preserving the renewable resource.

But that's where the 'cull' bucks come into play. In addition to each person's 'buck of choice' they get to kill, I also allow them to kill another 'cull' buck... I alone make the decision on what is a cull-- a buck who is at least 4.5 years old with antlers that are significantly below average per age class for this particular farm. These are only bucks which we've photographed and I have made the call are 4.5 and I feel have subpar antlers. In doing so, it allows each person the opportunity for a second buck, without hurting another's chances at a 'trophy' buck. And since I've had yearly consecutive pictures of these bucks, I know they won't magically add another 30" of antler growth the following year. In essence, they are deer that no one would shoot as their only 'buck of choice' when there are MUCH higher scoring deer using the property.

Do I think that killing these 'culls' is improving my local genetics? Absolutely not. But again, allowing hunters to pursue them provides additional hunter opportunity and enjoyment in continuing their hunt, even after harvesting their 'buck of choice'.

Again, these 'culls' are specifically designated based on my opinions, and photographs are shared with those hunting my properties... other 'culls' which I have not photographed are based on the hunter's discretion... but if they shoot a buck as a 'cull' which does not meet my definition, then it counts as their 'buck of choice' and they are done hunting for the season. If they have already harvested their 'buck of choice' and then harvest a 'cull' which I have not designated, I will then go by the jawbone age... If it ages at 4.5 or older, then it does count as their cull... if less than 4.5, then they lose their bucks for the following season.

This harvest strategy allows for maximum opportunity for hunters of all levels to kill something they are happy with, without impacting the resource and ensuring opportunity for years to come.

My 8 y/o son was a little frustrated with it last year, when a little 4 ptr came out in front of him... 'Dad can I shoot that deer?', 'Yes, sure you can son', I said...'but that will be your buck for the year'. He then said, 'what if a bigger buck comes out tomorrow, can I shoot it too?' 'No', I said, 'you will have already killed your buck for the year'. He then said, 'who made up this rule?' To which I replied, 'I did.' Factually, he then said, 'well then you can change it for me' :) I told him if I changed the rule for him, I'd have to change it for everyone, then if all 9 people hunting the property shot 2 bucks each, we wouldn't have enough to hunt the following year... even at age 9, he seemed to understand (and chose of his own accord to pass on the little 4 ptr). But giving HIM the choice (not me or anyone else) to chose what he shoots or passes on seems to have really empowered him (and even some of the adults who hunt on my farms).

Here's some examples from this year of culls (and not culls):

This buck is 4.5 (maybe 5.5 depending on how old he was when we first photographed him 3 seasons ago). He's on the 'cull' list for this year.


And this buck is 6.5... and sure he is a 'trophy', but not many would shoot this 110" buck as their only buck when there are several 125-130" bucks using the same property


This buck is not a 'cull' by my definition, since he's only 3.5 this year... I wouldn't be surprised if someone shoots him as their 'buck of choice' if they desire, but I'll reevaluate him next year if he makes it and reevaluate his antlers before designating him as a 'cull' or a 'buck of choice'


And again, for the naysayers regarding 'culls'... I know there is no genetic benefit to removing these deer from the herd. But conversely, there is no benefit in leaving them in the herd (since I have an adequate age structure on the farms and have enough older bucks recruited into the following age classes). and if killing them brings additional enjoyment without impacting others hunting on the property, then why not?
 
Sounds like a good approach and well within my basic understanding of QDM. So when managing the properties and implementing the lost tag for the year. How many return and take the penalty? Just curious if someone would pay their dues and return or go with another property?
 
That's a cool way of looking at cull bucks. To me if it's 4.5 it's a trophy. I'd be losin my mind to pass up a mature buck. I would have to have only 1 tag left and trying my darnedest to kill one specific buck to pass another mature buck. Hope it doesn't come down to that this year... Got 2 tags left, one is for a 9 pt I want more than anything, and the other is for preferably a public land buck at least 3.5yo but could be used on any mature buck, private or public. My first buck tag this year was burned on a yearling 4 pt on public land :D

Sorry for going off topic. I like your method of managing "cull" bucks and puts things in a neat perspective.
 
That was a good read and a good system you have in place. In your case "culls" are not an attempt to eliminate poor genetics but rather take deer that have reached their full potential and allow more buck opportunities.
 
I really like your management polices mega. I believe they are well thought-out, and the proof is in the pudding. In fact, I lean more and more towards your type of philosophy in my management suggestions--a buck harvest based on total numbers instead of buck age. I believe they work just as well in producing a healthy buck age structure, and make the widest variety of hunters happy.

As for your comment below:

megalomaniac said:
And again, for the naysayers regarding 'culls'... I know there is no genetic benefit to removing these deer from the herd. But conversely, there is no benefit in leaving them in the herd (since I have an adequate age structure on the farms and have enough older bucks recruited into the following age classes). and if killing them brings additional enjoyment without impacting others hunting on the property, then why not?

...the only problem I have with it is the use of the word "cull." I realize how you personally are defining and using the term, and again, I have no problem with that at all. I honestly believe your system of allowing hunters an additional below-average mature buck is quite ingenious. It will not add greatly to the total kill, as mature bucks are difficult to harvest, but does allows much additional hunting opportunity for hunters that have "limited out" on bucks. I just hate to see a term misused and misunderstood by so many hunters being used for anything legitimate. Call your bucks "additional," "bonus," or "management" bucks. But I would prefer to see the term "cull" buck wiped from hunters' vocabularies! :)
 
That is the most sound approach to deer management I have ever heard! Awesome approach! Your "bonus buck" is the definition of a " cull buck" and I see no difference in that term than some of the others. To me a " management buck" implies that the herd will benefit be his removal, while cull simply means he is below average.
 
Good post Mega and I agree 100% Cull bucks absolutely exist, and your definition meets mine exactly (Mature bucks 4.5 and older, with small or subpar antlers for the area) These bucks are not hurting anything, but their another mouth to feed when they can be used to make someone happy with shooting them! I don't agree that ANY buck less than 4.5 yrs old should be labeled as a Cull however, as I have saw some young deer make amazing recoveries in the antler dept once their nutritional needs were met and they were allowed to 'catch up' so to speak. Once a buck is fully mature 4.5+, short of 1 in a million they don't surprisingly just grow a bigger rack the next yr.
Sounds like you have a great management plan for your bucks and your hunters!!
 
Hillbilly Hunter said:
...while cull simply means he is below average.

Actually, not only does the definition of the term involve "removing animals with undesirable characteristics," but the term is widely used to mean removing undesirable characteristics to increase the production of desirable characteristics.
 
tnbucs1 said:
Sounds like a good approach and well within my basic understanding of QDM. So when managing the properties and implementing the lost tag for the year. How many return and take the penalty? Just curious if someone would pay their dues and return or go with another property?

They pay no dues, they hunt for free as my guests. I pay all the taxes, seed for food plots, equipment for food plots, etc. I do ask they help with stand placement/ movement; maintenance of stands, and running cameras while I'm out of state.

Trust me, they WANT to come back the following year. There are very few properties free range this small in size in the state which can produce the quality of deer on it.

Does it work? sure... example... my cousin shot his 'buck of choice' the day after Thanksgiving last year... a nice 120" 3.5 y/o with 11" g2's. A week later, he was hunting for one of our 'culls' and saw a buck we had not photographed he was convinced was 5.5 yrs old and only scored around 100". The deer was calmly feeding, and he had time to call me. He asked if he could shoot it, and I told him, 'sure... but I'll have to go by jawbone age since we don't have a pic of him... and if he ages 3.5 or less, you get no bucks at all on the property the following year'. It didn't take him long to think about it and start second guessing the buck's age...and he chose to pass.

But he also greatly benefits from my current system... he usually only gets to hunt for a day or two around Thanksgiving, then not again until Christmas... the current system ensures that even though the majority of other hunters are hunting the properties earlier in the year, he'll still have a chance at a very nice buck still alive around Christmas time, when most other properties are already shot out.

We simply don't have enough bucks to allow the statewide limit of 3 to be taken per person... really, not even enough for 2 bucks to be taken per person per year. This system allows everyone to be happy in killing whichever buck they prefer with no hard feeling whatsoever, since it really doesn't affect other's personal choice in hunting.

I will say this, however...

every once in a while (probably every 3 years or so), we get a genetic freak that has unusually high scoring antlers at a young age. In those rare circumstances, I make the decision to put that deer 'off limits' to EVERYONE... including even my own children. For example, 2 years ago, we had a 135" 2.5 y/o. I made him off limits for everyone. 2 or 3 people passed on that buck that year including myself. Unfortunately, I picked up his skull the following turkey season 50 yards from the property line where there is little management across that particular fence. Jawbone age was 2.5 and he grossed 135"... mainframe 11 with a drop tine. I almost vomited when I found him :( But I still do not regret passing him up... He had the rare genetic potential to gross 170 at maturity had he made it... and that's an unbeliveably rare thing on my farms.
 
Again, great, GREAT system mega. I think more hunters/groups of hunters would benefit from a system based on total buck harvest numbers versus buck age as the harvest criteria. I also believe that system leads to happier hunters, as they make the choice about what a "quality" buck is to them.
 
BSK said:
Again, great, GREAT system mega. I think more hunters/groups of hunters would benefit from a system based on total buck harvest numbers versus buck age as the harvest criteria. I also believe that system leads to happier hunters, as they make the choice about what a "quality" buck is to them.
I agree BSK and that's what I like about TN's 3 buck limit. Its not too high, yet high enough for Managers to set the limits at what works for each and every different situation without the state law hampering their management decisions.
Mega for example is using it wisely!
 
I would say it is pretty hard managing a property and keeping everyone happy.

I think any buck over 4.5 isn't a "cull". It is a mature buck. A lot of folks think that a 1.5 year old spike needs to be taken out of the gene pool asap so they don't breed. That is a big misconception a lot of hunters believe.
 
This might be one of the most informative posts that's ever been on this forum. I think it's very sound management and most importantly, the same principles can easily be implemented on other's properties. You give everyone the chance to be happy with what they shoot, regardless if a young 6 pt or a 130" mature deer. And to me, too many times, the "fun" aspect has been removed from deer hunting due to very strict rules.

I have question. What's your approach to antlerless management?? Mainly in regards to button buck harvest. Many of the most well managed whitetail properties I have seen have a set antlerless management program. With those a lot of the mangers do not seem to be overly concerned with accidental BB harvest. What's your take on that?? My apologies if I'm hi jacking.
 
rukiddin? said:
I have question. What's your approach to antlerless management?? Mainly in regards to button buck harvest. Many of the most well managed whitetail properties I have seen have a set antlerless management program. With those a lot of the mangers do not seem to be overly concerned with accidental BB harvest. What's your take on that?? My apologies if I'm hi jacking.

We don't shoot button bucks. Yes it really is that simple. An experienced hunter can do just that and have an 'oops' probably once for every 50 does harvested. If someone does shoot a button buck, everybody else will give them heck, but there is no penalty. But we never shoot single 'does' (which often are actually displaced buttons), and we don't kill fawns, so it really isn't an issue. Last button harvested was around 8 years ago, and we've probably taken over a hundred does since then without another incident.

As far as doe management, it fluctuates wildly from year to year, based on habitat quality, supplemental forage (we had a TON of extra food this spring/summer due to the increased rainfall), but most importantly based on that year's fawn recruitment. My population is right where I want it to be for the carrying capacity of the land, and sex ratio is right around 1:1.5 bucks:does. So in years with excellent fawn recruitment, our doe harvest goes up significantly. In years like this one (I'm running a 20% fawn recruitment on some parts of the farm), we won't take any does from those areas. But a mile away, we're running around 80% recruitment from those doe groups, so we'll take out 1/4 of the adult does. It's a neverending battle with the coyotes... so frustrating that they are killing WAY more deer than the hunters. I've taken 4 yoties so far this season. Had a friend kill 14 from one spot late last winter.
 
megalomaniac said:
In years like this one (I'm running a 20% fawn recruitment on some parts of the farm), we won't take any does from those areas. But a mile away, we're running around 80% recruitment from those doe groups, so we'll take out 1/4 of the adult does.

I'm glad I'm not the only one seeing weirdly fluctuating fawn recruitment from year to year and place to place.
 
If I had the land and resources you have, I think I would use that plan. Heck I may try it on my land and see if my brother wants to do it on his.

Problem is I have 32 acres and there are small tracts around me and all of them are hunted....
 
14 coyotes from one spot??? Wow, that's amazing.

What you're doing sounds a lot like fun "work" - I'm sure it takes a lot of time and effort, but it certainly seems extremely rewarding and interesting.
 
megalomaniac said:
rukiddin? said:
I have question. What's your approach to antlerless management?? Mainly in regards to button buck harvest. Many of the most well managed whitetail properties I have seen have a set antlerless management program. With those a lot of the mangers do not seem to be overly concerned with accidental BB harvest. What's your take on that?? My apologies if I'm hi jacking.

We don't shoot button bucks. Yes it really is that simple. An experienced hunter can do just that and have an 'oops' probably once for every 50 does harvested. If someone does shoot a button buck, everybody else will give them heck, but there is no penalty. But we never shoot single 'does' (which often are actually displaced buttons), and we don't kill fawns, so it really isn't an issue. Last button harvested was around 8 years ago, and we've probably taken over a hundred does since then without another incident.

As far as doe management, it fluctuates wildly from year to year, based on habitat quality, supplemental forage (we had a TON of extra food this spring/summer due to the increased rainfall), but most importantly based on that year's fawn recruitment. My population is right where I want it to be for the carrying capacity of the land, and sex ratio is right around 1:1.5 bucks:does. So in years with excellent fawn recruitment, our doe harvest goes up significantly. In years like this one (I'm running a 20% fawn recruitment on some parts of the farm), we won't take any does from those areas. But a mile away, we're running around 80% recruitment from those doe groups, so we'll take out 1/4 of the adult does. It's a neverending battle with the coyotes... so frustrating that they are killing WAY more deer than the hunters. I've taken 4 yoties so far this season. Had a friend kill 14 from one spot late last winter.
. That is testament that you can manage does and not kill button bucks! That is awesome. I have argued this for years that it can be done with some education and guidelines. The last button buck I killed was 1996 and I have killed several truck loads of does since. Now I can provide an example without saying me. Thanks Mega!!!!
 
Mega
Sounds like you got a get setup and plan in place to keep it that way, Congrats to ya

What other secret things you got going on the the place to produce like that?
 
BSK said:
I agree Winchester. I think TN's buck bag limit is just fine. It allows much freedom of management.

I would submit that the three buck limit is fine in some parts of the state, but not in others, specifically upper East Tennessee, especially Carter, Unicoi, Johnson.

TWRA has chosen to limit the doe harvest in these counties as compared to others, yet not the bucks. We all know that the carrying capacity is much less in Cherokee national forest than it is elsewhere in the state, so why the "one size fits all" approach to bucks but not does? Having had a front row seat for the smallmouth trophy size limit fight (albeit in the other side of that issue), I certainly understand the political ramifications of "taking away a buck".

Some anecdotal buck population tidbits:

I run cameras on a unique place in Carter County. I don't want to be too specific, but let's just say that I know for a fact it doesn't get hunted with firearms, and very, very limited with archery. My cameras consistently show a near 5:1 sex ratio.

I also run cameras on a remote 400 acre tract nestled in between Cherokee National Forest that is hunted by a club, and your normal trespassers and poachers. On this property, it's probably at least 30:1, if not 50:1. I gathered from another post that you are a biologist, so I'm guessing you could nail the ratio pretty close.

The question is, wouldn't hunters of every persuasion like to see more bucks? Wouldn't a decrease in the bag limit of bucks (in these low population density areas) make sense? Seems to me everybody would benefit in a very short time.
 
I like your system, we say 4.5 and older and we don't have a limit, but the number of bucks that actually reach 4.5 are very slim. Next season we very well may have to go to a one buck per person limit. Hunters that hunt managing properties need to see results by holding an animal in their hands. The only problem with red flagging young deer is; sometimes they get shot and the hunter feels terrible. I think we all know that we don't want people to feel bad about something they harvested. This is where things get extremely complicated in my opinion. Some hunters no matter how many pictures they see of the future super stars they simply can not distinguish what deer it is; they see a big rack and shoot.
Then on the flip side we see tons of super young bucks that simply vanish from the earth before 4.5. It's not that they just become ghost, they just simply die. I think the 3.5 year old age group exhaust themselves so bad during the rut fighting and chasing that they die in late winter after they shed their antlers. There is nothing more that supports my theory of this than this season on our farm. Last year we had what we thought was the largest group of 3.5 year olds exiting the season safe from hunters. Now this season we have one of the lowest number of 4.5 year olds ever in 18 years. But we also have the absolute highest number of predators I have ever seen. I honestly think the coyotes and even bobcats targeted our severely stressed 3.5 year olds and killed many of them in winter.

I think you are doing things right but you will have years where there are simply not enough 4.5 year olds to fill everyone's tag even with the 1 buck limit. Then again you'll have magical seasons where everyone kills a good deer. The main thing is everyone needs to realize that a 4.5 year old is an absolute trophy no matter what he scores; now that's the hard part when they see how much some of those 3.5 year olds blow up.
 

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