Good article that I found interesting
Bees, Are They Required to Make Tomatoes?
Janice Johnson, Amador Master Gardener
Are bees required to pollinate your plants so that you'll have tomatoes this
year? Some people say yes. Others say tomato flowers are complete,
having both male and female parts, making them self pollinating, no
bees required. Well, the answer is a definite maybe!
The original wild tomatoes did have a native bee as a pollinator, but when the tomato
plants were taken from South America to other continents the pollinator was left behind.
As modern tomato varieties were developed, the need for a pollinator diminished.
When everything is perfect a tomato flower is self pollinating. That means it's not too hot
or too cold, that the humidity is not too high or too low, and that there is a breeze. Backyard
gardeners can't do much about the temperature or the humidity, but we can simulate
a breeze. The ideal temperature for a tomato to set fruit is between 60° and 75°. You
won't get any fruit set if it is below 50° or higher than 90°, so those years when we skip
spring and go from chilly winter to hot summer, we don't get many tomatoes. And, it feels
like this could be one of those years!
In tomato greenhouses they can control the temperature and humidity and where there is
no natural breeze they use fans, vibrators or bumble bees. Honey bees are not particularly
attracted to tomato pollen, but the buzzing of those big bumble bees works great. I visited
a commercial nursery that was hybridizing tomatoes. They had a homemade vibrating
gadget that they made from a flashlight and a door bell to vibrate the tomato flowers
so that they could collect the pollen.
This may be one of those years when your tomatoes may need your help to set fruit. Here
are a few recommendations that will help. Do not over fertilize or your plants may make a
lot of foliage and few flowers. Water your tomato plants deeply twice a week and keep the
ground covered with 3" or 4" of mulch. Practice IPM and avoid inadvertently killing the
good bugs, such as those big bumble bees that may be helping pollinate your tomatoes.
Simulate the required breeze by gently shaking your tomato plants or by vibrating
the flowers with an electric toothbrush. You'll have some explaining to do if your nosey
neighbors see you!
June 2011
Amador/El Dorado County
Master Gardener E News