This is from another forum. Mad Monk knows of what he speaks. Just thought you 777 shooters would be interested.
In the early 1990's we watched in-line action muzzleloaders gain acceptance and sales. But most of the in-line action crowd hoped for near smokeless velocities out of what is legally a muzzleloading weapon. In addition. The Pyrodex patent was due to expire with the 20 years of protection gone.
So Hodgdon went back to the lab to imprtove upon the basic concept to create a powder that would give higher velocities in the in-line rifles. They came up with the 777 powder.
As soon as it became available I was able to purchase a container. Took it apart in the wife's kitchen after suggesting she spend the day shopping at the mall.
Took some apart in water and then another sample in solvent alcohol.
Compared to Pyrodex.
More charcoal.
No sulfur.
No potassium perchlorate.
Then an alcohol soluble fraction that gave me interesting crystals. A flame test showed it was sodium based. Their products of combustion information showed a sulfur-based chemical after powder combustion. So a little digging in the HazMat book showed it could be sodium trinitrobenzene sulfonate. Commonly used in the manufacture of organic dyes and used in low-order detonating compositions. This kitchen chemistry analysis was later verified and expanded upon by a buddy working in the main ATF forensic chemistry lab.
Then the logic behind the 777 formula made sense. And the people who worked on this to get it to market had to have been fairly sharp. This sodium trinitrobenzene sulfonate is highly reactive with charcoal. That means that they could do away with the potassium perchlorate needed in the Pyrodex formulation based on the sodium benzoate. They then also did not need the dicyanamide to prevent unfired charges from attacking any metal the charges were in contact with. Compared to Pyrodex. The 777 is a more stable composition not easily degraded if the powder picks up a bit of moisture before being fired in the gun.
But. The ignition temperature of the 777 is a bit higher than that of Pyrodex. That makes it bit less touchy when it comes to any accidental ignition events. Another but here. When I looked at the 777 and how fast it burned in the open I was a bit shocked. If you ignite a pile of Pyrodex, in the open, on a flat surface you see it opens burns a bit slower than black powder. The 777 has a very fast open burn rate. Equal to or a bit faster than a good black powder.
In my work I looked at corrosiveness on steel and brass plates. Pyrodex residue would produce rapid and extensive pitting of the metals when exposed to air with a RH level in a certain range. Side by side I saw no such metal surface pitting with the 777 reside. No more corrosive than a good well made black powder.
I should point out that with the high temperature of ignition you may see a fairly wide range in velocities with different ways of igniting the charge in the gun.
Black powder is fairly easy to ignite and ignites at a temperature lower than that required for the BP subs. When you go from standard percussion caps up through magnum caps and then to a 209 primer you see a little increase in velocity with an increase in the "strength of ignition". This is much more pronounced with the subs and especially with the Triple Seven. In my work, using a mule ear lock on the 50 caliber Great Plains Rifle I had a 100 fps spread on muzzle velocity when going from a standard cap to 2 different magnum strength caps and then to a 209 primer. This vat about 70 grains in the .50 caliber.
With the Triple Seven the powder has a higher combustion temperature compared to Pyrodex. If you use too large of a charge you may see the formation of a glass-like deposit in front of where the projectile sat on the charge. This may happen if the gas temperatures behind the projectile go above 1600 degrees. That is where the potassium carbonate in the combustion residue melts to a liquid and then cools to a glass-like film that does not readily dissolve in a wet cleaning patch. When that point is reached it is wise to reduce the charge a bit until the "skin" is no longer a problem when you go to load another charge and projectile.
Mad Monk